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Les membres du Cercle d’amitié franco-britannique qui pouvaient se libérer se sont réunis chez Nicole le 27 novembre pour fêter Thanksgiving.

Après s’être attardée sur une discussion en anglais à propos de cette fête typiquement américaine, dont on trouvera une série d’articles sur ce blog même, la réunion s’est poursuivie par une conversation entre amis autour d’un très bon repas qui reprenait les ingrédients du menu traditionnel de Thanksgiving.

Nicole avait acheté des morceaux de dinde qu’elle a fait cuire au four sur un lit de légumes pour en préserver le moelleux. On gouta aussi la fameuse sauce aux airelles et le tout fut accompagné de purée aux patates douces et de pommes de terre. Seule entorse à la tradition, la boisson était, elle locale et champenoise…

En guise de conclusion à cette soirée, voici la recette de la tarte aux potirons qui fut servie au dessert:

Tarte dessert au potiron

Etuver le potiron dans le beurre avec la pomme coupée en morceaux et le zest d’orange.

Ebouillanter les raisins secs et ensuite les laisser macérer dans le jus d’orange. Lorsque la chair du potiron s’effrite et que son eau de constitution s’est évaporée, le mélanger avec les raisins, le sucre, la crème fraîche, les œufs et la cannelle.

Préchauffer le four th. 7. Mettre la pâte brisée au four 10 min.

Garnir le fond de tarte et la remettre au four 30/40 min. Servir tiède,

Ingrédients

Pour 6 personnes :

- 1 rouleau de pâte brisée

- 700g de potiron ou de potimarron coupés en dés

- 40g de beurre

- 1 pomme

- 80g de raisins secs

- 120g de sucre en poudre

- 1dl de crème fraîche

- 2 œufs

- Eventuellement 1 pincée de cannelle

- 1 orange

In 1620 one hundred Puritans boarded the ‘Mayflower’ bound for the New World. These people were the Pilgrim Fathers. The Pilgrim Fathers saw little chance of England becoming a country in which they wished to live. They viewed it as un-Godly and moving from a bad to worse state. The Pilgrim Fathers believed that a new start in the New World was their only chance.

A lot of the trials and tribulations about where they should sail to, the journey across the Atlantic to the New World and the initial problems experienced by the Pilgrim Fathers are contained in a diary written by William Bradford.

“The place they thought of was one of those vast and unpeopled countries of America, which are fruitful and fit for living. There are only savages and brutish men, just like wild beasts. This idea led to many and different opinions. But, after many things were said, it was agreed by the major part to carry it out. Some were keen for Guiana, or some of those fertile places in those hot climates. Others were for some part of Virginia.

After they had enjoyed fair winds and weather for a time, they met cross winds and many fierce storms. With these the ship was greatly shaken, and her upper decks made very leaky. In many of these storms, winds were so fierce and the seas so high that they could not carry a scrap of sail.

On November 9^th, 1620, the ‘Mayflower’ sighted what is now Cape Cod.

Despite seeing land, the crew of the ‘Mayflower’ searched for another month to find somewhere to land. Where they eventually landed was called New Plymouth. On December 25^th, after finding a place where the ‘Mayflower’ could be safely anchored, the Pilgrim Fathers began to build the first house for common use.

Bradford described in his diary how the “foulness” of winter affected all and that many became sick. By February 1621, Bradford claimed that 50% of the Pilgrim Fathers had died as a result of the cold weather and the inadequate housing that they had built for themselves.

A Native American called Squanto helped those Pilgrim Fathers who survived the harsh winter. He showed them how to sow maize and how to cultivate the crop. Bradford claimed that seeds brought from England were of little use in their new environment.

By the summer of 1621, the Pilgrim Fathers had built houses for themselves and had gathered up a small harvest.

“They were well recovered in health and strength, and had all things in good plenty. For, as some were thus working in the fields, others took part in fishing for cod and bass and other fish. Of these, they took good store, a large amount of which every family had its share. All the summer there was of no want. And then began to arrive flocks of duck and geese.”

However, not all Native Americans were friendly. As a result, a wooden fence with watchtowers surrounded the homes that had been built and the gates in the fence were locked at night.

By 1622 the Pilgrim Fathers had built a fort to protect themselves. It also served as a meeting place to discuss issues of government within the new colony. Over the next few years, as life for Puritans became more uncomfortable in England, more and more made the journey across the Atlantic. By 1630, their numbers were such that the Puritans were able to establish the Massachusetts Bay Company and establish Boston, which was to grow as a major port. Despite the privations of 1620, the Puritans founded colonies that thrived and their success depended on fishing, shipbuilding, trade and farming.

Source du texte:

http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/The-Pilgrim-Fathers.htm

A DISCORDANT VIEW: by Russell Means

Russell Means is an activist for the rights of American Indians. Means has also had careers in politics, acting and music

The following passage is extracted from chapter 17 of the book Where White Men Fear to Tread.

“When we met with the Wampanoag people, they told us that in researching the history of Thanksgiving, they had confirmed the oral history passed down through their generations. Most Americans know that Massasoit, chief of the Wampanoag had welcomed the so-called Pilgrim Fathers to the shores where his people had lived for millennia. The Wampanoag taught the European colonists how to live in our hemisphere by showing them what wild foods they could gather, how, where, and what crops to plant, and how to harvest, dry, and preserve them.

The Wampanoag now wanted to remind white America of what had happened after Massasoit’s death. He was succeeded by his son, Metacomet, whom the colonist called “King” Philip. In 1675-1676, to show “gratitude” for what Massasoit’s people had done for their fathers and grandfathers, the Pilgrims manufactured an incident as a pretext to justify disarming the Wampanoags. The whites went after the Wampanoag with guns, swords, cannons, and torches. Most, including Metacomet, were butchered. His wife and son were sold into slavery in the West Indies. His body was hideously drawn and quartered. For twenty-five years afterward Matacomet’s skull was displayed on a pike above the whites’ village.

. L’histoire raconte qu’après l’hiver catastrophique de 1620, des indiens iroquois transmirent aux colons leurs méthodes de culture, de chasse et de pêche pour leur permettre de vivre des ressources locales.

Ainsi, dès l’automne 1621, les émigrés anglais obtinrent une magnifique récolte pour survivre l’hiver suivant et, pour remercier Dieu, William Bradford, le gouverneur de la colonie, organisa un « Thanksgiving Day » : durant trois jours, les immigrés festoyèrent de gibiers, de citrouille, de pains de maïs, de fruits et de noix de la région pour fêter la récolte en compagnie des indiens qui leur avaient transmis leur savoir ; le chef iroquois Massasoit et 90 indiens de sa tribu des Wampanoag participèrent ainsi à cette fête en apportant aux colons des dindes sauvages probablement rôties et farcies d’huîtres, comme le pratiquaient ancestralement ces indiens.

source de l’article

http://blog.deluxe.fr/nouvelles-de-la-gastronomie/fetez-vous-thanksgiving-aux-usa.html

(signalé par Jean)

LE MENU DE THANKSGIVING

Au menu:
- Velouté de citrouille
- Rôti de dinde farcie
- Purée de pomme de terre, purée de pois aux champignons sautés, chou-fleur ou brocolis au nord, purée de patates douces au sud ou encore plat de riz sauvage dans la région des Grands Lacs…
-Tarte à la citrouille ou Pumpkin pie accompagnée de crème fouettée ou de chantilly au sirop d’érable.

Aux USA, pour la dinde, on peut opter pour différentes variantes selon l’endroit où l’on se trouve :
- Nouvelle-Angleterre : Dinde farcie aux huitres.
- Nord-est des États-Unis : Dinde rôtie aux chataignes,
- Louisiane : Dinde glacée au Bourbon,
- Sud-est des États-Unis : Dinde farcie au pain de maïs,
- Autres régions des États-Unis : Dinde glacée au citron

MENU TYPE DE THANKSGIVING

Soupe au potiron ;

Tarte aux noix de pécans ;

Dinde farcie ;

Purée de patates douces ;

Purée de pommes de terre ;

Tarte aux patates douces ;

Tarte au potiron/citrouille ;

Sauce ou gelée de canneberges (appelés aussi atocas au Canada français) ;

Farce (parfois aux marrons, huîtres, saucisses, pommes, etc.) ;

Cidre ;

Pain de maïs ;

Tarte aux pommes ;

Haricots verts en daube ;

Maïs en épis ;

Petits pains.

Lien pour consulter les recettes:

http://www.marmiton.org/recettes/recette.cfm?num_recette=18663

Turkey Facts

• At one time, the turkey and the bald eagle were each considered as the national symbol of America.  Benjamin Franklin was one of those who argued passionately on behalf of the turkey. Franklin felt the turkey, although “vain and silly”, was a better choice than the bald eagle, whom he felt was “a coward”.
• According to the U.S. Department of Agriculture, more than 45 million turkeys are cooked and eaten in the U.S. at Thanksgiving-that’s one sixth of all turkeys sold in the U.S. each year. American per capita consumption of turkeys has soared from 8.3 pounds in 1975 to 18.5 pounds in 1997. Ten years later, the number has dropped slightly in 2007 to 17.5 pounds.
• In 2008, more than 250 million turkeys were raised with an average liveweight per bird of 28 pounds with nearly 6 billion pounds of turkey processed.
• In 2002, retail sales of turkey was approximately $3.6 billion. Forecasts for 2009 expect sales to reach $3.8 billion.
• Domesticated turkeys cannot fly. Wild turkeys, however, can fly for short distances at speeds up to 55 miles per hour. They can also reach speeds of 25 miles per hour on the ground.
• Turkeys sometimes spend the night in trees.
• Turkeys can have heart attacks: turkeys in fields near the Air Force test areas over which the sound barrier was broken were known to drop dead from the shock of passing jets

Le quatrième jeudi de novembre est un jour spécial pour tous les américains. C’est le jour de Thanksgiving, le jour de l’action de grâces.

C’est maintenant une fête familiale prétexte à un grand repas au menu duquel figurent une dinde rôtie et de la sauce aux airelles (cranberries).

Il est intéressant de voir comment une fête qui célébraient à l’origine la fin des moisssons en est venue à glorifier l’un des mythes fondateurs de la nation américaine.

Une fois les récoltes engrangées, on remerciait Dieu d’avoir permis à une communauté ou un village ou un groupe de paysans d’assurer leur nourriture pour l’hiver. Sur cette tradition est venue se greffer l’épopée des premiers colons britanniques qui se sont installés sur la côte nord-est des Etats-Unis en 1621, dans une région qui allait devenir la Nouvelle Angleterre, dans la baie du Cap Cod, là où se trouvent maintenant la ville de Plymouth et un peu plus haut la métropole de Boston dans le Massachussets.

Vous trouverez ci-dessous quelques brèves informations sur ce qu’étaient les pères pèlerins, ce  petit groupe de protestants anglais fuyant la persécution religieuse, embarqués sur un navire marchand inconfortable, le Mayflower, épuisés par une traversée pénible et finalement installés pour une année de cauchemar sur les rivages du Nouveau Monde. La moitié du groupe ne survécut pas aux épreuves des premiers mois.

Quand la situation se stabilisa et que les colons aidés par certains indiens du voisinage, parvinrent à se nourrir convenablement et obtenir quelques récoltes, leur émotion on s’en doute fut grande. Ces gens pieux ne pouvaient que se tourner vers Dieu pour montrer leur gratitude d’avoir survécu. La légende raconte qu’ils organisèrent un grand repas fraternel avec leurs amis indiens, en guise d’action de grâces. Tous les fondements du mythe de la nation américaine étaient réunis : la liberté d’exercer sa foi, le progrès par le travail et l’initiative individuelle, la lutte contre l’adversité, l’autonomie dans la gestion de ses propres affaires.

Les grands leaders politiques ne se privèrent pas d’exploiter ce mythe dans les moments de crise nationale : Lincoln en 1863 quand il décréta que Thanksgiving serait une fête nationale et Roosevelt, en 1941, dans son discours sur  les quatre libertés fondamentales du peuple américain, au moment où la guerre allait demander de la part des américains une grande cohésion de pensée et d’efforts.

Pour illustrer l’une des quatre libertés fondamentales exprimées par Roosevelt, le grand illustrateur populaire  Norman Rockwell choisit de représenter une famille américaine réunie pour le repas de Thankgiving, mais derrière le mythe se cachent aussi, comme toujours quelques vérités discordantes. L’harmonie proclamée entre les indiens et les colons vola ultérieurement en éclats, et si le Président chaque année dans un geste mi symbolique teinté d’humour un peu parodique gracie une dinde et lui laisse la vie sauve, il n’en a pas été de même pour les 1175 condamnés à mort,  parmi lesquels quelques innocents, exécutés dans les prisons des USA depuis 1977. Le pouvoir fédérateur du mythe est cependant si puissant qu’il est impossible de nier son efficacité.

F.B.

THANKSGIVING QUIZ

The story of Thanksgiving Day

Fill in all the gaps with the following words:

cranberry      feast      fourth      harvest      landed      Native Americans      Pilgrim Fathers      pumpkin pie      share      ship      starved      stuffed turkey      thank      Thanksgiving dinner

The

went to America to find religious freedom. They sailed from Plymouth in England on September 16, 1620. Their

? was called the Mayflower . They

at Plymouth Rock, near Boston, on December 26, 1620. They celebrated the first Thanksgiving in 1621.
The first winter had been very hard for the Pilgrims. Half of them

? to death.

? taught them how to survive in America. The Pilgrim Fathers had a great

? the next year. They decided to

God for it and to celebrate with a

?. They invited the Natives to

? it with them.It was the first Thanksgiving.
Thanksgiving is always celebrated on the

? Thursday in November.
On Thanksgiving Day, people make a special

. They have

with

sauce, onions and sweet potatoes. Then, they have

. They drink apple cider.
Cornucopias and football are very popular on Thanksgiving Day!
In New York, Macy’s department store holds a famous parade!

Pour en savoir plus. Consulter le site du village des pélerins à Plymouth dans le Massachussets:

http://www.plimoth.org/

CALENDAR OF EVENTS:

30 September

14 October

4   November

25 November

9   December

All sessions will be held at The MAISON DES ASSOCIATIONS, rue Maurice Cerveaux, Epernay in Room 215 from 6 to 8 pm.

And….. there will be a PARTY on Friday 27 November at Nicole’s place.  The theme of the evening is Thanksgiving

Il y avait du monde pour assister aux trois concerts donnés par l’ensemble de cuivres de Clevedon : Bold Brass. Deux belles soirées d’été les 30 et 31 juillet ont permis à l’orchestre de treize musiciens de charmer et entraîner un public nombreux sur la Place Hughes Plomb à Epernay, dans les jardins de l’hôtel de ville à Saint Memmie. Le lendemain sur le Jard à Moussy une courte pluie d’orage n’a pas entamé la bonne humeur de l’orchestre qui avec présence d’esprit a aussitôt interprété Singing in the Rain…

On l’aura compris, Bold Brass est anglais jusqu’au bout des ongles. L’ensemble fondé il y a 36 ans par Ron Bold n’en était pas à sa première visite. Cette fois encore l’invitation à venir jouer en Champagne provenait de l’association Epernay-Jumelages. Les douze amateurs, respectivement 5 trompettes, 3 trombones, un cor, une basse,  un tuba et un percussionniste ont l’ambition de plaire et de se faire plaisir. La musique est pour eux une occupation agréable, un hobby, avec cependant une grande exigence de qualité puisque depuis des années le groupe se réunit une fois par semaine pour répéter.

Leur répertoire est varié, allant des airs populaires, chansons musiques de films mélodies traditionnelles, au classique en insistant beaucoup sur le swing qui dynamise toujours les prestations de l’orchestre.

Le public ne s’y est pas trompé, et a reconnu bon nombre de morceaux pour son plus grand plaisir, remerciant le groupe à chaque fin de concert par de chaleureux applaudissements et même une standing ovation de plusieurs minutes à Saint Memmie. A noter que les musiciens avaient l’après midi avant le concert rendu visite au centre aéré de Saint Memmie pour dialoguer et jouer de la musique avec les enfants.

Les douze musiciens sont repartis en Angleterre avec de très bons souvenirs de leur passage en Champagne. Ils y ont fait beaucoup d’amis qui espèrent bien les revoir au cours des prochaines années. Tous nos remerciements aux personnes qui ont organisé leur séjour en particulier Francis Binse, responsable de Clevedon à Epernay-Jumelages, Claude Maréchal et Fabrice Legros qui ont permis l’intégration du concert de Bold Brass aux Musiques d’été 2009. Véronique Thuet et la municipalité de Saint Memmie , Jeannine Paris et le Comité des Fêtes de Moussy, et enfin les familles d’accueil qui ont hébergé avec beaucoup de chaleur et de gentillesse  les musiciens et leurs familles

N°1	N°2	N°3	N°4	N°5
1c	1c	1b	1b	1c
2d	2a	2d	2c	2c
3d	3c	3b	3b	3d
4b	4d	4a	4d	4a
5a	5a	5d	5 c	5b
6c	6c	6d	6d	6c
7a	7c	7c	7b	7a
8d	8c	8a	8c	8b
9c	9b	9c	9a	9d
10d	10d	10c	10b	10a
11b	11b	11c	11c	11a
12a	12c	12c	12a	12c
13b	13d	13c	13d	13d
14c	14a	14d	14c	14b
15d	15b	15d	15a	15b
	16d	16a	16a	16b
		17c		17c
		18c

1) I’d like ………

a) that you open the door

b) you opening the door

c) you to open the door

d) that you opened the door

2) Would you mind ……… ?

a) to open the door

b) if you open the door

c) opening the door

d) if you would open the door

3) ……… you please open the door?

a) should

b) must

c) may

d) will

4) Would you mind ……?

a) if I smoked

b) if I would smoke

c) me to smoke

d) that I smoke

5) Would you mind if I brought my son along with me?

a) Yes I do.

b) Not at all.

c) No, I would

d) No I shouldn’t

6) You ………… take your umbrella. It’s not raining.

a) you mustn’t

b) you may not

c) you don’t have to

d) you have to

7. You …………. carry a knife on a plane.

a) had better not

b) would better not

c) would rather

d) have got to

There’s no ………… to wear a suit for school.

a) obligation of schoolteachers

b) need for schoolchildren

c) necessity that teachers should

d) need to school authorities

9) I can’t swim very well. I …… I could swim as well as you can.

a) hope

b) am able

c) manage

d) wish

10) She couldn’t say a word. She was ………  to speak.

a) unable

b) capable

c) able

d) obliged

11) Swine flu ………. to have infected thousands of people already.

a) is thought

b) is allowed

c) is expected

d) is not likely

12) The virus seems to be relatively ………It is not worse than normal flu.

a) dangerous

b) severe

c) mild

d) harmful

13) The problem with the virus is that …….very easily.

a) it dies off.

b) runs off

c) propels

d) spreads

14) Japan has taken measures to isolate ………….

a) the patients

b) the infected

c) the infecteds

d) the sick women

15) 296 guests at a hotel in Hong Kong had to remain …………. for a week.

a) in quarantine

b) under quarantine

c) over quarantine

d) in custody

16) They had a marvellous time and ……….

a) parted every day

b) partied all night

c) partook every night

d) perfumed all day.

17) Recently, the residents of a Swiss Canton have voted to …… naked hikers.

a) forget

b) abide

c) ban

d) block

1)      I think it’s going to rain. Then I’d ……….. take my umbrella.

1. rather
2. better
3. forgotten
4. need

2)      It looks ……………. it’s going to rain.

1. as
2. if
3. as if
4. like if

3)      ……………… to ring your friend to know if she comes to the party?

1. will you?
2. are you going
3. shall you
4. can you

4)      Do you think she’ll come?

-          I’d be surprised if she …….

1. will
2. come
3. would
4. did

5)      Holland is ………….. mountainous as Japan.

1. less
2. more
3. not as
4. much

6)      Canada is much ……………….. France.

1. smaller than
2. more large as
3. larger as
4. larger than

7)      He is ………….person I know.

1. the fatest
2. the fattest
3. the most fat
4. the fatter

8)      The box is …………. heavy that I can’t lift it.

1. much
2. such
3. so
4. far

9)      The box is too heavy for me to lift …….

1. Ø
2. it
3. much
4. enough

10)  The box is not …………for me to carry.

1. heavy enough
2. light enough
3. enough light
4. enough heavy

11)  There are ………… people in New Zealand  than in the US.

a)      more

b)      less

c)      fewer

d)     much

12)  No one has ever said ……… a nice thing to me!

1. such
2. so
3. more
4. too

13)  The Kakapo is ……………………………….parrot.

1. the most large
2. the word’s largest
3. the world’s most large
4. the world’s largest

14)  The Kakapo can’t fly and can’t defend itself. It is ………………..

1. harmless and legless
2. frightless and defenceless
3. flightless and defenceless
4. resourceless and useless

15)  The Tata Nano is probably the world’s  …………………………. car

1. cheapest and greenest
2. fastest and safest
3. largest and most comfortable
4. dirtiest and ugliest

16)  Although it is small, it looks and feels ……………….. a real car.

1. like
2. as
3. as if
4. enough

1. Would you like………. ?

a)  a apple

b)  an apple

c)  Ø apple

d) an big apple

2. .......... they serve in that café is excellent.
a) Ø coffee
b) a coffee
c) the whisky
d) the coffee

3. What ..... delicious apple!
a) Ø
b) a
c) the
d) such

4. I don't like ...... films.
a) Ø
b) the
c) a
d) an

5. .....Italian food is great.
a) a
b) an
c) the
d) Ø

6. Would you .....be a child or an adult?
a) better
b) like
c) prefer
d) rather

7. The little girl said: "I'm going to be a doctor when
I ....school.
a) start
b) will start
c) get out of
d) will get out

8.I think ......... TV every evening is a waste of time.
a) watching
b) to watch
c) watch
d) the watching of

9. Last January, Britain .......... its worst snowstorms
for 18 years.
a) knew
b) submitted
c) experienced
d) enjoyed

10. ....... 6.4m workers stayed at home because of the storms.
a) an estimate of
b) estimated
c) an estimated
d) estimating

11. More than 2 ...... children stayed at home too.
a) hundred
b) millions
c) million
d) thousand

12. In London the entire bus network was ......... for the first time
in living memory.
a) reduced
b) operated
c) cancelled
d) improved

13. Is ..... US larger than Canada in total area?
a) Ø / Ø
b) the/ the
c) the / Ø
d) Ø / the

14. ...... Mt Blanc is the highest mountain in .... Alps.
a) Ø / Ø
b) the/ the
c) the / Ø
d) Ø / the

15.  Is .....Cuba in .... Atlantic ocean?
a) Ø / Ø
b) the/ the
c) the / Ø
d) Ø / the

16. She broke her arm and had to go to .... hospital.
a) Ø
b) an
c) the
d) London

17. Ron was a blind man. He .......... a retinal implant and now he
can see again.
a) won
b) inherited
c) was given
d) bought

18. Ron wants .................... private
a) that his surname keeps
b) that his surname would be kept
c) his surname to be kept.
d) his surname be keeping