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Guy Fawkes. Remember the 5th of November

L’an dernier, le cercle avait célébré la bonfire night chez Martine, et cette année j’ai demandé à nos amis anglais de Cleveon de nous écrire ce que représentait pour eux le 5 novembre. Pour plus d’informations sur Guy Fawkes et la Bonfire Night reportez vous aux articles de l’an dernier sur ce même blog en cliquant sur le Tag Guy Fawkes dans la colonne de droite.

Voici les réponses que j’ai reçues de Malcolm, Karen et Janet:

Dear Friends,
Janet told me you wanted a piece on November 5th, which we call ’Guy Fawkes Night’ in memory of the attempt by conspirators to blow up King James I and Parliament.  He was caught ‘red-handed’ by the Yeomen of the Guard who even today carry out a search in their colourful Tudor/Stuart costumes every night. I will not tell you of the torture Guy Fawkes endured to make him reveal the names of his fellow conspirators, but his confession signature was barely recognisable.
When I was a boy, soon after the War, everyone bought their own fireworks and let them off around their own fires or those of neighbours.
There were many accidents, however, and gradually individual bonfires and firework shows have gradually been replaced by large bonfires arranged by organisations, with fireworks being let off by professionals, who can provide a far more spectacular display.

Malcolm

Clevedon, le 14 octobre 2008

Chers amis d’Epernay
J’écris de la part de Janet qui prend ses vacances à Venise cette semaine.
Merci pour votre lettre par e-mail, Je l’ai lue à notre groupe de conversation vendredi dernier. Chacun d’entre nous a trouvé votre histoire du 5 novembre très amusante.
Je continue en anglais:-
In response to your request we discussed the way in which we celebrate November 5th and personal memories of this annual event.
The build up to Guy Fawkes or Bonfire night seems to start earlier and earlier each year as the sky is lit up most evenings with fireworks for the best part of a fortnight.
Lots of families choose to celebrate in their own back garden around a bonfire with a guy on top made by the children. A mug of hot soup soon warms cold hands with hot dogs to eat and sparklers for everyone.
However many people prefer an organised display. Here in Clevedon we are treated to an amazing show on Dial Hill. (A large open space normally used for playing cricket). This is put on by the ‘Clevedon Lions’ a charitable organisation working in the community.
From time to time the Pier is ablaze with colour as people line the route to watch a spectacular display over the sea.
So as you can see we have a lot of fun celebrating November 5th. Of course occasionally things don’t always go to plan.
Several years ago the people of Clevedon met on Dial Hill to enjoy the evening with a huge Bonfire and firework show put to music. This annual event always attracts a large crowd. The anticipation was extreme as we all looked skywards, Handels firework music began and the signal to light the fuse was given.
However as you know Clevedon is a seaside town and from nowhere a heavy mist suddenly descended across the area covering everything with a dense fog. We couldn’t even see our hands in front of our faces! Imagine the disappointment as we heard every firework exploding high above us but absolutely no sign of this spectacle as every single one disappeared into the mist.
More recently the town had a shock as we witnessed an early display. ‘ Firemagic’ a local firework factory situated on the outskirts of Clevedon tragically caught fire. I think the whole of Clevedon was woken up that night. Fortunately there were no serious casualties.
So here we are in the middle of October and preparations for this years events are well under way.
In schools and on television children are warned of the dangers involved, with health and safety being paramount. We also have to think about those who do not enjoy the celebrations, for example the elderly and many of our pets.
Our house becomes a mini Zoo as guinea pigs, rabbits and tortoises move in for a few days! and I believe Janets dog Jess spends a lot of time hiding under a duvet with Jan reassuring her.
So there we are, I hope that gives you an insight into some of the highs and lows of this traditionally British celebration. It certainly looks to be firmly fixed on our calendars as every year the fireworks get bigger, brighter and louder than ever.
Sending our best wishes to you all
Karen and the Friday conversation group.

Dear Friends.
I have read Karen’s excellent description of Clevedon Fireworks Celebrations and send you this page of instructions issued by a local publication as an extra topic of interest for your group.
Best wishes
Janet

Guy Fawkes- Gunpowder-treason and plot

Gunpowder treason and plot …

Read the story of Guy Fawkes and learn about the tradition attached to Bonfire night on the fifth of November.

England at the time of Elizabeth I
The queens and kings of England
Mary Tudor 1553-1558,
aka “Bloody Mary”

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• She was a Catholic and her husband was the king of Spain.
• During her reign, Protestants were persecuted: some were imprisoned, tortured, hanged or burnt to death.

English Protestants
The queens and kings of England

Elizabeth I 1558-1603

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• She was a Protestant queen. Now it was the turn of Catholics to suffer.
• The Catholic mass was forbidden and people were fined if they did not attend Protestant services.
• Catholics who disobeyed the Law could be jailed or executed for treason.

The queens and kings of England
James I 1603-1625
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• As soon as he came to power, there were attempts to murder him.
• King James was a devout Protestant with no time for Catholic or Puritan ideas.
• He was a very intelligent but unpopular king.

Catholic “recusants” [= réfractaires]
It was a crime to hear or to say Catholic prayers or masses.

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The King’s soldiers would even enter private homes to harass or arrest Catholics.

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Catholics and Protestants in Europe

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Who was he?

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Guy Fawkes was a devout Catholic.

Guy Fawkes’s life

In his 20s Guy left England to join the king of Spain’s army in the Netherlands.

A soldier of fortune
When the Spanish attacked fortified towns they used cannons and gunpowder to break down the walls. Guy Fawkes soon became an expert soldier, especially at manipulating gunpowder.

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A secret mission
But Guy or Guido as he was then called never forgot his Catholic friends in England.
• One of his Catholic friends came to visit him in the Netherlands.
• This friend Thomas Wintour told Guido about a plot to assassinate king James I.
• Guy knew many of the other plotters as he had been to school with them.
• Guido finally returned to England to join the conspiracy.
The plotters
There were 13 plotters in all.

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The Conspiracy
The plot was to blow up the king, the members of his Parliament and the Lords.

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The Plan
They rented a house near Parliament Hall and stocked the gunpowder in the cellars.

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They rowed the gunpowder barrels across the Thames River at night.

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The tunnel in the cellar
… they dug a tunnel from their house cellar to the cellars under Parliament House.

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All set
Once everything was ready, Guido would light the fuse to blow up the barrels.
The plotters waited for the King to open Parliament to give Guido his orders.

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The mysterious letter
But there was a traitor in the group.

An anonymous letter warned the King that a plot to assassinate him was underway.

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The plotters were stopped
Guy Fawkes was arrested by the King’s guards just as he was ready to light the gunpowder barrels.

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Guy Fawkes was arrested
Guy was taken before the King but refused to talk.

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Guy Fawkes was tortured…
Guy Fawkes was brutally tortured for 4 days…

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He finally cracked up…

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And signed a confession…

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His tortures had been so extreme that he could hardly sign his confession.

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Public execution
The other plotters were either arrested or killed. The survivors were sentenced to death with Guy Fawkes.

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Executions were public in order to set a terrifying example for any would-be terrorists.

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That was how the King made sure his people would learn the lesson.

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How the English reacted
On the night of November the 5th, the King’s supporters celebrated the failure of the Gunpowder Plot.
They lit bonfires and made a model of Guy. Then they threw this dummy into the flames!

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A penny for the guy!
Ever since, children have been going from door to door asking for money to make a dummy of Guy and to buy fireworks.

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Bonfire Night today
Then they make huge bonfires and put the “Guy” on top of the fire.

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• The air is filled with smoke, flashes and flames.
• You can hear fireworks exploding too.
• This reminds people what would have happened if Guy Fawkes had not been found!

They chant around the fires a very old rhyme:

“Remember, remember,
The 5th of November
The gunpowder treason and plot.

I see no reason,
Why gunpowder treason
Should ever be forgot.”

Opening Parliament today
Before any monarch can “open Parliament” tradition asks that special security checks are made…

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… Yeomen of the Guard [= hallebardiers de la garde royale] search the cellars of the Houses of Parliament before the Queen opens Parliament.
But the ceremony is kept secret!

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